Geography of Odisha

What are the main physiographic divisions of Odisha?

Odisha can be divided into five main physiographic divisions:

• Northern Plateau: A part of the Chotanagpur Plateau, characterized by rolling hills and valleys.
• Central Tableland: A relatively flat region with occasional hills and ridges.
• Eastern Ghats: A range of hills running along the eastern coast.
• Coastal Plains: A narrow strip of land along the Bay of Bengal.
• River Valleys: The floodplains of the Mahanadi, Brahmani, and Baitarani rivers.

 What are the major rivers in Odisha?

The major rivers in Odisha are:

• Mahanadi: The longest river in the state, known for its fertile delta and Hirakud Dam.
• Brahmani: A major tributary of the Mahanadi.
• Baitarani: Another major tributary of the Mahanadi.
• Subarnarekha: Flows along the border of Odisha and Jharkhand.
• Rushikulya: A coastal river known for its scenic beauty.

 What are the main types of soil found in Odisha?

The main types of soil found in Odisha are:

• Red soil: Covers most of the state, suitable for cultivation of crops like rice, pulses, and oilseeds.
• Laterite soil: Found in the hilly regions, suitable for plantation crops like cashew and rubber.
• Alluvial soil: Found in the river valleys, highly fertile and suitable for rice cultivation.
• Sandy soil: Found in the coastal areas, suitable for coconut and cashew cultivation.

What are the main natural resources of Odisha?

Odisha is rich in natural resources, including:

• Minerals: Iron ore, bauxite, coal, chromite, manganese ore, and limestone.
• Forests: Sal, teak, bamboo, and sandalwood.
• Water resources: Rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.
• Marine resources: Fish, prawns, and crabs.

What are the main environmental issues facing Odisha?

The main environmental issues facing Odisha are:

• Cyclones and floods: Odisha is prone to frequent cyclones and floods, which cause extensive damage to life and property.
• Deforestation: Illegal logging and mining activities have led to a decrease in forest cover.
• Industrial pollution: Industries like steel and aluminum contribute to air and water pollution.
• Coastal erosion: The coastline of Odisha is facing severe erosion due to various natural and human-induced factors.

What are the major wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in Odisha?

Odisha is home to several wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, including:

• Bhitarkanika National Park: Known for its mangrove forests and saltwater crocodiles.
• Simlipal National Park: A tiger reserve and a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
• Chilika Lake: The largest brackish water lagoon in Asia and a Ramsar site.