Kalapahad, meaning "Black Mountain," was a general who led a devastating invasion of Odisha in the 16th century. His actions left a lasting scar on the region's cultural and religious landscape, and his name is still remembered with a mix of fear and resentment.
Background
Kalapahad's origins are shrouded in mystery. Some historical accounts suggest he was originally a Hindu Brahmin named Rajiv Lochan Ray, who converted to Islam and rose through the ranks of the Bengal Sultanate's army. Others claim he was a Muslim of Afghan descent. Regardless of his background, Kalapahad emerged as a fierce military leader under Sultan Sulaiman Karrani of Bengal.
The Invasion
In 1568, Kalapahad led Karrani's forces into Odisha, aiming to conquer the region and subdue the Gajapati king, Mukunda Deva. Kalapahad's army swept through Odisha, capturing major towns and cities like Balasore, Cuttack, and Jajpur. His campaign was marked by brutality and destruction, with temples and religious sites being particularly targeted.
Destruction of Hindu Temples
Kalapahad's invasion is infamous for the widespread destruction of Hindu temples and idols. He is said to have destroyed the Konark Sun Temple, the Jagannath Temple in Puri, and numerous other shrines. His actions were motivated by religious zeal and a desire to establish Islamic dominance in the region.
The Fate of Mukunda Deva
Kalapahad's forces finally confronted Mukunda Deva's army in a decisive battle near Jajpur. Despite a valiant defense, Mukunda Deva was defeated and killed. This marked the end of the Gajapati dynasty and paved the way for Muslim rule in Odisha.
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